Protecting neurodiverse individuals: Recognising vulnerability

Raising awareness about abuse means more than knowing what it looks like — it also means understanding why it happens, and why certain groups face higher risks. For neurodiverse individuals, these risks often stem from a combination of communication differences, social

misunderstanding, dependency on support, and a society that doesn’t always value difference as it should. By learning why neurodiverse individuals can be at greater risk, we can all play a part in building a safer, more understanding world.

In this post, we’ll look at some of the reasons behind this increased vulnerability — not to cause alarm, but to build understanding, compassion, and stronger protection.

1. Communication Differences and Misunderstanding

   Many neurodiverse people communicate in ways that differ from neurotypical expectations — whether that’s using fewer words, preferring written communication, or expressing emotions in unique ways. Unfortunately, abusers may exploit these differences, assuming a person won’t be believed or understood if they try to report harm.

   Sometimes, even well-meaning adults can misinterpret signs of distress — mistaking anxiety, withdrawal, or meltdowns as “behavioural issues” rather than indicators of something more serious. That misunderstanding can delay recognition and support.

   
   

2. Difficulty Recognising Unsafe Behaviour

   Neurodiverse children and young people often interpret language and intentions literally. They might miss subtle warning signs such as manipulation, grooming, or coercion. If someone presents as a “friend” or offers special attention, it can be confusing to distinguish between kindness and control.

   
   

   Social rules — such as personal boundaries, sarcasm, or hidden motives — can be unclear, especially if the person hasn’t been explicitly taught what’s appropriate.

   
   

3. Dependence on Support

   Many neurodiverse people rely on others — carers, teachers, personal assistants — for daily support. While most helpers are caring and professional, that dependency can increase risk when boundaries aren’t respected.

   
   

   When someone controls access to essentials like transport, communication aids, or routines, it can be difficult to challenge them or seek help.

4. Social Isolation and Exclusion

   Bullying, misunderstanding, or exclusion can leave neurodiverse individuals isolated. Abusers often target people who are lonely or seeking acceptance, using attention and praise to gain trust before harming that person emotionally or physically.

   
   

   Social isolation can also mean fewer opportunities to compare experiences with peers — making it harder to spot when something isn’t right.

   
   

5. Disbelief and Stigma

   Even when neurodiverse people do speak up, they are sometimes not believed. Stereotypes — like “they’re too trusting,” or “they don’t understand what happened” — can lead to minimisation or dismissal of reports of abuse.

   
   

   This disbelief adds an extra layer of trauma and reinforces the fear that no one will listen.

Understanding vulnerability is not about labelling neurodiverse individuals as helpless — it’s about recognising barriers and removing them. When society becomes more inclusive, communication is respected, and boundaries are clearly taught, vulnerability decreases and empowerment grows.

It's also important to recognise the part that neurodiverse individuals, their friends, families and carers can play. By talking about healthy relationships early, giving young individuals the tools to recognise behaviours which could put them at risk, we are handing them a shield to use when they step out in to the world. Less reliance on expecting the world to change, and empowering our young people to take control.